AI can climb.
Discovery jumps.

← the move we want machines to make

Jumping Intelligence is an automated AI research company.

We’re building toward AI that can evolve its own research agenda.

Fig. 1 · climber vs. jumperillustrative
what the frame can explain research effort → Ptolemy new orbit shape Kepler a gravitational explanation Newton spacetime geometry Einstein climber: still on its summit ? Ptolemy · c. 150 circles on circles climber: stays → a new orbit shape Kepler · 1609 orbits are ellipses → a gravitational explanation Newton · 1687 one force explains every ellipse → spacetime geometry Einstein · 1915 gravity is curved spacetime → ? ? Next a frame no one has found yet

01Change the representation

The most useful move changes what you can see.

Remove two opposite corners from a chessboard. Can 31 dominoes, each covering two neighbouring squares, tile the 62 squares that are left?

The question stays the same. Only the representation changes.

dominoes placed
0 / 31
arrangements tried
0
representation
squares

62 squares, 31 dominoes. Looks easy.

both dark! 30 dark · 32 light 31 dominoes need 31 dark → impossible

The answer was hiding in a property the placement strategy ignored. The research challenge is to discover useful representations before someone supplies the trick.

Illustrative animation, not an exhaustive solver, and not a test of model capability.

02Look past the score

The experiment you almost threw away.

An optimizer that keeps only what raises its score can discard findings worth investigating.

Optimizer’s log

Keep: what raises the score.
Discard: everything else.

    Pick one back out.

    An illustrated counterfactual. In history, each of these researchers kept the result and investigated it. Experiments and timelines are condensed.

    03What we’re building toward

    A research process that learns where to go next.

    Faster experiments don’t tell you which question to investigate next.

    1

    Generate

    Keep competing hypotheses and representations alive, including directions the current score doesn’t reward.

    2

    Investigate

    Turn surprises into experiments that tell competing explanations apart. A model that loses on average might reveal an advantage when training data is scarce.

    3

    Carry forward

    Keep what works reusable: methods, anomalies and partial solutions to revisit when new tasks appear.

    Discoveries can improve the process that makes discoveries.

    A discovery can become a better training method, evaluator or search procedure. Carrying it forward changes how the next round of research is done.

    research discovery better tools research discovery…
    the aim: each lap starts further out.

    AppendixFollow the argument further

    Appendix

    Ideas we’re drawing on11 ideas across four fields
    • Philosophy of science

      Abduction

      Charles Sanders Peirce · 1878, 1903

      sea todayfish bones?suppose the sea once covered it
      then look for shells here

      Deduction derives consequences and induction tests them. Abduction, forming the explanatory hypothesis in the first place, is “the only logical operation which introduces any new idea.”

    • Philosophy of science

      The serendipity pattern

      Robert K. Merton · 1948

      goalmissedwhy this?
      the odd detail becomes the question

      Discoveries often start from an “unanticipated, anomalous and strategic datum”: a result nobody expected, that seems inconsistent with existing theory or established facts, and that points somewhere new.

    • Philosophy of science

      Paradigm shifts

      Thomas Kuhn · 1962

      drift → assume Newton → predict a planetUranusMercury1846: Neptune foundVulcan?56 years: not seenEinstein, 1915
      Same method. Same astronomer. Opposite outcomes: a new theory, not a new planet, explained Mercury.

      Normal science works inside an accepted frame. Le Verrier’s successful prediction of Neptune made the same move reasonable for Mercury, but Vulcan was never confirmed; in 1915 a new theory, Einstein’s relativity, explained the drift.

      Neptune’s discovery, NASA JPL ↗ · Mercury’s perihelion, Einstein Papers Project ↗

    • Biology & complexity

      Natural selection

      Charles Darwin · 1859

      gen 1gen 2gen 3
      predators catch more pale ones: the mix changes, no individual does

      Evolution has no foresight. Variation and selection can produce cumulative adaptation and diversity without a predetermined destination.

    • Biology & complexity

      The adjacent possible

      Stuart Kauffman · 2000

      by eyecorkunder a lenscells
      once visible, cells became something to study

      New things can create possibilities that weren’t available before. The space of what can be discovered grows as you discover.

    • Biology & complexity

      Exaptation

      Stephen Jay Gould & Elisabeth Vrba · 1982

      first****keeps warm=same featherlaterlifthelps it fly

      Existing traits can acquire new uses, including features that evolved for another role. Feathers likely helped with warmth or display long before they were used for flight.

    • Creativity & mathematics

      Incubation

      Henri Poincaré · 1908

      Fuchsian functionspair the edgesnon-Euclidean geometry=the same
      seen while stepping onto a bus

      After weeks on Fuchsian functions, the idea came as he stepped onto a bus on a geology trip: the transformations he had used to define them were the same as those of non-Euclidean geometry.

    • Creativity & mathematics

      Bisociation

      Arthur Koestler · 1964

      Boole, 1854telephone relaysA and BA or BABbothABeither
      Shannon, 1937: the same structure

      Koestler called creative connections between previously separate frames “bisociation.” Claude Shannon joined Boole’s logic to telephone relays and founded digital circuit design.

    • Creativity & mathematics

      The rising sea

      Alexander Grothendieck · 1980s

      hammer at itstill stuckbuild general theorynow one case of many

      Grothendieck pictured a rising sea gradually surrounding resistant ground: build a general theory in which a difficult problem becomes easier.

    • AI research

      Curiosity and PowerPlay

      Jürgen Schmidhuber · 1991, 2011

      task 1task 2new tasksimplest unsolvedsolver v1v2still solved
      new skills, old ones kept

      Reward an agent for improving its own model of the world. PowerPlay goes further: it keeps inventing the simplest new task it can’t yet solve.

    • AI research

      Novelty search

      Joel Lehman & Kenneth Stanley · 2008

      keep: closestdetour discardedkeep: differentdetour kept

      In a deceptive maze-navigation task, searching for behavioral novelty outperformed objective-based search.